Colorectal Cancer

It is the colon or rectum in the large intestine where Colorectal cancer begins. It usually develops as small, noncancerous (benign) clumps of cells which are called polyps which form on the inside of the colon or rectum. Some of the polyps might turn into cancer after a time. Polyps might be small and produce few if any symptoms. It is recommended to have regular screening tests to help prevent colorectal cancer by detecting and removing polyps before they can turn into cancer.

Risk Factors

Factors that may increase risk of colon cancer include:

Older age

African-American race.

A personal history of colorectal cancer or polyps

Inflammatory intestinal conditions.

Inherited syndromes that increase colon cancer risk like familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC).

Family history of colon cancer

Low-fiber, high-fat diet

A sedentary lifestyle.

Insulin resistance

Obesity.

Smoking.

Alcohol.

Radiation therapy for cancer. Radiation therapy directed at the abdomen to treat previous cancers increases the risk of colon cancer.

Symptoms

A persistent change in bowel habits, including diarrhea or constipation or a change in the consistency of stool

Rectal bleeding or blood in stool

Persistent abdominal discomfort, such as cramps, gas or pain

A feeling that bowel doesn't empty completely

Weakness or fatigue

Unexplained weight loss

Treatment

Colon cancer treatments depends the location of cancer, its stage and other health concerns. Treatment for colon cancer usually involves surgery to remove the cancer. Other treatments, such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy, immunotherapy and target therapy also be recommended.

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